Nivel Egres wrote: Would you say that an average gym climber aiming to send routes outdoors, develops good leg-work but not necessarily good footwork?
that is an excellent question nivel. the short answer is that gym climbing (in general) isn't optimal for developing some foot techniques and is very good for developing other types of footwork. for example, if you are wanting to learn to dagger straight in on small toe pockets, the gym is usually not great for this. however, if you want to learn to back step on sloping holds the gym is usually very good for this. ONE AREA WHERE GYM CLIMBING CAN KILL YOUR FOOTWORK IS NOT WATCHING YOUR FOOT ACTUALLY ENGAGE THE HOLD. this might be the biggest problem - usually the footholds are big enough that you don't really get penalized for this mistake like you would outside.
one of the biggest mistakes i see when somebody says that they have good footwork is that usually it is in only one or a handful of foot techniques. most often it is a person who climbs 5.10 slab and thinks that they have excellent footwork. developing foot techniques for slab climbing is generally one of the easiest of the types of footwork to acquire. your weight is generally right over your feet, most slab climbing is pretty frontal, and the climbing is fairly slow so you have a lot of time to accurately think about and place your feet.
let's look at some other types of footwork though, and ask yourself how comfortable you are with these situations. this can help you evaluate which types you will likely encounter on the routes you want to do, and come up with a way to train them.
slabby terrain with sharp edges
slabby terrain with knobs
slabby terrain with small pockets that require dagger front pointing
slabby terrain, pure friction on grippy rock
slabby terrain, pure friction on polished rock
now think of all of the above situations on vertical rock - they are actually quite different. we will also add:
vertical finger cracks (dagger toes and rand smearing)
vertical flared cracks (footwork that avoids stepping on the rope and gear)
vertical OW cracks - heel toe, heel straight in with torque, etc
vertical toe hooking - out to the side, preventing barn dooring
vertical toe hooking - in an 'undercling' fashion (hateful gutbuster for us tall guys)
vertical 90 degree stemming with edges
vertical obtuse stemming on pure friction (ninja stemming)
vertical heel hooking
vertical - very high outside ledge, laces down (yes that is correct) pulling in, and rotating it into soles down
vertical - good, high edge out to the side, really grabbing it with your toe to prevent barn dooring (this can be a mental challenge as well)
vertical high stepping with heel onto edge instead of toe
when you get to overhanging climbing you have all of these, and then some more. again, these are different than their vertical cases. for example, take front pointing into tiny toe pockets - this is a LOT different on overhanging terrain than it is on vertical terrain. so, we add:
bicycling - this is another one that can be brutal for tall folks
numerous different configurations of heel hooking
reverse heel toe for inversion offwidths
bat hooking - brutal for the muscles in your shins until you get used to it
as you can see, when somebody says they have good footwork there is a good chance they don't understand the entire spectrum. i look through this list and there are some areas where i have very good footwork (edging, overhanging small pockets, flares, OW). there are also areas where my footwork isn't so hot (toe hook underclinging on overhanging terrain, non-positive feet on overhanging terrain, high outside toe grabbing). also SPEED and accuracy of placement varies for different situations.
a person who understands footwork better than i do would probably point out 50 types that i have omitted.