Hey Conner,
FYI the name of the country is spelled "Colombia."
Guatape/El Peñol is the closest climbing area, around 1.5 hours. Big granite monolith with sport and trad routes.
La Peña is a more recently developed sport climbing area close to Abejorral, about 2.5-3 hours away. There are local buses that go directly there from Medellin's southern bus terminal and there is a climber's hostel there on an old coffee farm called La Peña. Beautiful location, good climbing on granite. ( lapenaabejorral.com/)
El Muro is the go-to gym in Medellin, its in the Laureles neighborhood. The gym is very small by US standards (its in an old house) but has good setting and lots of strong climbers. The owner of the gym is also one of the owners of the above mentioned hostel. Going there is probably your best chance of meeting local/foreign climbers.
Suesca and La Mojarra are much further away but are worth visiting if you find yourself in Bogota or near Bucaramanga. If you are unable to find partners you can always look into hiring a local guides, there are many qualified guides and you'll pay much less than what you would in the US.