I'm sorry you're going through that Max. I'd say you probably are genetically pre-disposed to such an injury...in that you build muscle fast. 8 months is enough time for you to get muscularly strong (and perhaps cocky), but not enough time to build strong pulleys.
I've had a few moderate pulley injuries over the years. Same story every time: I got too excited about training and hit the gym too aggressively. Your injury may be different, but I've always gotten away with waiting a week or 2 until the swelling goes down and then taping tightly over the pulley--til it almost stops circulation--when climbing. Even if that's counter-indicated, you can totally climb without a given finger if you back off on the grades and learn to use your thumb*. I'm over twice your age with a recovering middle finger A2, and I'm climbing as hard as ever without pain. I just have to be realistic about my capabilities and willing to back off if a move feels stupid.
How to prevent a future pulley injury: warm up slowly, learn to crimp open-handed, never do a full crimp on plastic, avoid pockets--which are both dangerous and boring, and for heaven's sake, focus on improving your footwork. The dreaded pulley pop usually occurs right after a toe pops off...or someone dynos for something stupid. You might also consider rope climbing, at least while you're recovering. It's a lot quieter 80 or 100 feet up, and you just might like that!
If you don't love climbing (the activity rather than the scene), then by all means quit. There are better ways to meet people, and there are safer things to do that you might like more. If you love it, think of this as an opportunity to grow and develop a better relationship with the sport. This is a chance to back off on the brute strength and the party tricks and to double down on oft-neglected things like graceful movement, conscious breathing, flexibility, traversing, downclimbing, silent feet, resting on the wall...or the easy move that makes 90% of boulderers look like idiots when they venture into the real world: the hand jam. If you take the time to improve on these now, you will be a better climber in short time--even if they amputate the ring finger. And you may find yourself grateful for this injury in a year or two.
All the best to you!
*EDIT: Lest I've given you false hope, I'm saying defer to your specialist. I'm also saying that IF you have the discipline to back off and not use the injured finger, I see no reason to stop climbing. That's a big IF. I know that climbing hard is part of what makes the sport fun. I'll just report that I've enjoyed going up and down 5.6-5.8 one-handed on auto-belay and it improved my footwork and balance and certainly entertained others.