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Seriously? Do you need a torque wrench for bolts?



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By Stich
From Colorado Springs, Colorado
Sep 30, 2010
Coffee after freezing our asses off near James Peak.

If you use a box or open end wrench with a very short handle, or hold it and apply force closer to the bolt to reduce leverage, that will reduce the chances you will overtorque the bolt.


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By Orion Watson
From Seattle, WA
Sep 30, 2010

Larry S wrote:
Just some quick joint engineering to shed a little light on bolts. The engineering in a bolted joint is kind of counterintuitive, at least it was for me. I always had thought the strength was carried directly by the bolt, but in a properly tensioned joint, it isn't. The short explanation is that the strength in a properly tightened joint is not seen by the bolt until you overcome the preload (in tension), or the friction of the joint (in shear). Most climbing bolts are loaded in shear, so the friction in the joint is very important. (friction is a function of the preload) A way to visualize this is picture two wood blocks with a rubber band wrapped around them holding them together. If you try and pull them apart, until you overcome the tension in the rubber band, they don't move, and the rubber band doesn't see any more force until the joint separates. If you try to slide them, until you overcome the friction that the tension in the rubber band helps make, they don't move. If you use a tighter rubber band (smaller circumference), the joint is stronger, even though the rubber band is still the same strength. The bolt is the really a spring (or a rubber band), it does stretch when you tighten it. Once you load it over the preload tension, you are now directly loading the bolt. That is why a "spinner" bolt is so much weaker in shear loading, you don't have the friction in the joint to take the load. (spinner hangers can also torque load the bolt) All that said, I don't own a torque wrench, and I don't mind you tightening bolts by feel, though i wouldn't hassle someone who recommended the use of one.


That is a very good explanation of how torque, preload and friction affect the applied loads on a fastener.

One point to add is that the applied tension preload due to torque will create a combined stress state when the frictional shear is overcome and the fastener gets an applied shear load. The combined stress state can lower the effective shear strength of the fastener and that is why over-torquing should be avoided.

Our local climbing community is having this discussion as well as we recently had a climber take a large fall almost to the dirt when he hung on a fixed draw and the hanger fell off. So, I would agree that under-torqued nuts are at least as scary as over-torqued fasteners. That said, I don't think it is a good idea to tighten a bolt down as hard as you can as you definitely can torque 3/8" stud or 5-piece to the point of breaking.


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By M Sprague
Administrator
From New England
Oct 1, 2010
Lichen head. Me, with my usual weatherbeaten, lichen covered look scrubbing a new route.

20 kN wrote:
Please go and remove every bolt you have ever placed. Severally overtightning a bolt can seriously weaken it. I simulated this by tightening a 3/8" stud style bolt to 3x its recommended torque (easily obtainable with a box wrench) and I pull tested it. It failed at only 2/3rds rating (properly tightened, they were failing at 120% their rating). Over the course of 10 years, it could fail to hold bodyweight. Over tightening also astronomically increases the time in which Stress Cracking Corrosion occurs if applicable in your area.

I second this, please. Somebody's life may be lost if you don't. I appreciate you wanting to fix up old bolts, but if you don't do it correctly you only make it worse, leaving a bolt that looks better, but is weak. Seriously


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By JPVallone
Oct 1, 2010

A good friend and mountain guide in Francea 5.14 climber and prolific developer was climbing in an area last year were he did not equip the routes. He whipped and pulled 2 bolts consecutively and cracked the hangers right off the head on 2 bolts in a row. He broke his back, the doctors said probably no more climbing or skiing, Gave him the option to have a risky surgery that had a small % for success. He chose to rehab naturally. 1 year later climbing hard and skiing the goods again.

The verdict after checking the situation and the rest of the area of equipped bolts was that the bolts were over tightened and this caused the heads to shear off. It happens, and over tightening bolts is a problem.


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By Nikolai Daiss-Fechner
From Boulder, CO
Oct 1, 2010
Bouldering at Bishop

OP. Honestly, if you think tightening bolts as tight as you can get them is safe, please stop bolting and leave it to the people with experience and knowledge. Your statement really bothers me because it shows a complete lack of understanding of how the bold works, and a very unsafe attitude to boot.
I don't want to offend you, but your method of bolting is unacceptable, unsafe, and frankly scary. Either get yourself a torque wrench and a understanding as to how bolts work, or stop. You are putting other people's lives at risk.


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By M Sprague
Administrator
From New England
Oct 1, 2010
Lichen head. Me, with my usual weatherbeaten, lichen covered look scrubbing a new route.

Could you tell us where and on what climbs you put these 400 bolts?


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By Jeremy H
Oct 1, 2010

I don't want to be a jerk, but I find this really really scary. I have placed a ton of bolts, and tightening them as hard as you can will weaken the bolt with no outwardly visible signs. If you don't know how to place bolts pleeeeeease don't.


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By Larry
From SoAZ
Oct 1, 2010

Dan Brayack wrote:
I think that a 5 piecer and a wedge bolt are two completely different stories and it makes sense that you could snap a 5 piecer - since their rod length is significantly smaller than a wedge!


Please elaborate. I don't understand what you mean by rod length. A 2 1/4" bolt is a 2 1/4" bolt whether it's a wedge type or a 5-piece, isn't it?

I tend to use 5-piecers because I've found that they "grab" the less-than-perfect hole that results from hand drilling better.


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By Jesse Davidson
From san diego, ca
Oct 1, 2010
n cascades <br />

This topic is exactly why I think direct tension indicating washers should be more common. One design looks kind of like a lock washer, its kind of wavy, but is designed to squash flat at a certain amount of tension in the bolt. That way, just tighten the bolt until the washer is flat, and you know that the bolt is properly tensioned. The friction between the bolt and the nut are now unimportant. Also, they provide a good visual indicator of if an existing bolt is tight enough, because you can just look at the washer to see if its still flat.


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By Phil Lauffen
From Louyuppie
Oct 1, 2010
On the arete.

slim wrote:
the last post, in the wrong context, is likely to have your system administrator calling the cops....


I thought it just sounded painful


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By Daryl Allan
From Sierra Vista, AZ
Oct 1, 2010
Me and my Fetish I guess.. ;)

Awesome idea Jesse.


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By coop
From Glenwood Springs, CO
Oct 1, 2010
Indian Creek Climbing

What are those bolts called that the outer nut shears off at the specified torque so you can't overtorque it?


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By Eric Krantz
From Black Hills
Oct 1, 2010
smoke break, pitch 5 or 6 (or 7??) of Dark Shadows

Dan Brayak wrote:
I've placed maybe 400 bolt or so and every one of them, I've just tightened them as tight as I could. I was under the impression that torque and bolt tension have no direct correlation - I'm a structural engineer (have my Masters in Bridge engineering and had a couple steel classes)



You're a structural engineer, and you're asking US if torque and bolt tension have correlation? What if you took your car in to get the head gasket replaced, and the mechanic told you "I just tightened all head bolts as tight as I could get them". Please tell us if you have designed any bridges, and where they are.


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By J. Nickel
Oct 1, 2010

I've always used a torque wrench. Like someone else wrote - it's not that big of a deal to bring one along with all of the other stuff you need. I keep it on a six foot cord that hangs down from my harness. Just ask the company you buy the bolts from what the torque specs are (I usually buy from Fixe). If it's too much trouble to torque the bolts down properly, Petzl Long Life bolts (the kind with the pound-in pin) are a good option for hard rock.


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By Kenny Thompson
From woodfords, california
Oct 1, 2010
gorge

where's the best place to buy hilti kb3?


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By no1nprtclr
From Front range Colorado
Oct 2, 2010

If you're breaking bolts with a box wrench, WTF kind of cheap bolts are you using. Doesn't sound like the strength of grade 8 bolts, much less grade 5. And, "'Its also been my experience when breaking off bolts, that with a 2 foot breaker bar, its a major pain in the butt'"

And why would you be carrying a 2 foot breaker bar? And NOT a torque wrench.

How about this torque wrench,

buy1.snapon.com/catalog/item.asp?P65=&tool=hand&item_ID=8824>>>

You can now catalog all the bolts you place, LOL......

And you gotta have this to make sure said torque wrench is calibrated correctly and accurately.

buy1.snapon.com/catalog/item.asp?P65=&tool=hand&item_ID=7878>>>

LOL


Yeah, trad rocks!!!! Not to say I've never clipped a bolt, but I don't go out of my way looking for them. And yes, I know, trad has it's own hazards. That's why they have disclaimers on climbing publications. Remember, climbing is dangerous!!!!! If you're that worried, take up golf!!!! LOL

Juan


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By Mike Lane
From Centennial, CO
Oct 2, 2010
Almost there......

kennyt wrote:
where's the best place to buy hilti kb3?

Hilti has their own shops where they sell drills, bolts, epoxies, etc. Just say you want to do a cash sale.

hilti


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By Ed Wright
Oct 2, 2010
Magic Ed

I've placed around a thousand bolts and since I'm not too strong and I use a small wrench I don't worry about overtightening. I did worry for a while whether I was getting them right but an engineer assured me that it would be pretty hard to overtighten them with such a small wrench.


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By joeforte
From palmerton, pa
Oct 2, 2010

Dan Brayack wrote:
I've placed maybe 400 bolt or so and every one of them, I've just tightened them as tight as I could. I was under the impression that torque and bolt tension have no direct correlation <3 -Danno


Wow man, want to share where these bolts are so I can avoid them?

Every box of bolts I have ever bought come with a spec sheet. Most Hilti 3/8 stud style bolts require 20-30 ftlbs of torque. A small girl can apply that much one handed with a typical 10 inch long wrench. A wedge style bolt does not need much torque to be strong. Even a totally loose stud (that was pre-torqued initially) has 100% of it's strength, by design. Falling/pulling on them engages the cone, the initial torque mearly starts the cone and holds the hanger from spinning. When you overtorque a bolt, you can usually hear/feel a small pop as the cone snaps inside the hole. This is how I remove bolts for replacement, and it is not hard to do with a hand wrench!

I've heard 5 piece bolts are even more sensitive to torque and they DO require some torque to work. This is why they are removable. You can't loosen a stud and remove it like a 5 piece.

Like others have said above, get a torque wrench and learn what 30 ftlbs feels like. You will be surprised how soft it really is! Please don't tighten them as hard as you can!


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By joeforte
From palmerton, pa
Oct 2, 2010

Dan Brayack wrote:
Its interesting now, that we're all using stainless bolts that spinners are becoming a major problem...before, the threads would just rust and the bolt wouldn't spin unless it was really jacked.... I've learned with the bolts I'm using that i crank it down to "flush" - the twist until it pops a few times - I have a "happy spot" with my wrench where I'm not crushing it, but I'm giving it a good pull...of course, if I'm hanging upsidedown - all bets are off :)



Oh geeze, That pop is exactly what I described above... the cone snapping internally.

Again, can you please tell us where these bolts reside?


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By Perin Blanchard
Administrator
From Orem, UT
Oct 2, 2010
Racking too much gear, as usual.

joeforte wrote:
Like others have said above, get a torque wrench and learn what 30 ftlbs feels like.


Note that the maximum torque for 3/8" stainless steel Power-bolts is 12 ft-lbs, and for 3/8" carbon steel Power-bolts the maximum torque is 25 ft-lbs.

When rap bolting, I now exclusively use a torque wrench; however, before I started using the torque wrench I followed the Power-bolt non-torque-wrench instructions, which are: "Tighten the anchor 3 to 4 turns past finger tight."

(When bolting on lead I use stainless Fixe wedge bolts, and I don't use a torque wrench.)


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By 1Eric Rhicard
Oct 3, 2010

People aren't using torque wrenches! We are all going to die! More Crap to f#@% with your mind. Zillions of bolts, no torque wrenches and I have never had or heard of a modern 3/8th carbon or stainless bolt breaking. Go climb, have fun, don't worry about it for a second! Oh yeah and don't crank on them til your eyes bulge.


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By Dan Brayack
From Marmet, WV
Oct 3, 2010
Coopers Rock, WV

Larry, sorry I meant diameter - sometimes brain function isn't so properly in the morning :)


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By Dan Brayack
From Marmet, WV
Oct 3, 2010
Coopers Rock, WV

Yeah - I think that you guys are really going overboard on this...bolts aren't going to fail because you over tighten them and none of my bolts are going to fail...no matter how hard I tighten them - the major concern of mine using stainless bolts is that they'll become spinners...which is a pain in the butt because I'll have to tighten them down again...or worse, a hanger will fall off...

I'm also really surprised how technically precise every seems to be commenting - placing a bolt is easy but not necessarily the best place to "make sure you 30 ft-lb force on the nut" - half the time I'm hanging upside-down in a roof reaching as far as I can with the wrench trying to tighten down the bolt...well maybe 10 percent of the time...I just wonder how many people actually are this precise with their bolt placement.

I'm pretty sure that the breaking strength on a bolt is so high, over torqued or not, that its not going to fail the steel of the bolt....Have you guys ever heard of a bolt breaking that wasn't a rusty spinner (at least in the stuff we put it in here) - I haven't...and there are some pretty scary old bolts here at the New River Gorge.

If you're worried about bolts being over tightened, then don't come to the new - you'd be safe off... :)

oh and the comment about the bolt breaking off when I hear a pop - I have broken off some 5 piecers (old bolts to be replaced) and then do in fact, break off down in the hole, but the wedge bolts always snap off right at the surface.

<3

-Dan


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By coop
From Glenwood Springs, CO
Jul 23, 2012
Indian Creek Climbing

What is your favorite torque wrench?

Also, what is your recommended product to keep nuts from spinning in the future?


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